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roderic
11-28-2007, 08:19 AM
One of the most influential philosophies in the 20th century, underlying many political ideologies and social movements. Einstein was a famous proponent of humanism.

Is it still valid now or is the world changing and do recent spades of terrorism make the notion of inherent value in humans questionable?

Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationality, common history, experience, and belief. Humanism is a component of a variety of more specific philosophical systems, and is also incorporated into some religious schools of thought.
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In 1929 Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism

The Amsterdam Declaration 2002 is a statement of the fundamental principles of modern Humanism:The fundamentals of modern Humanism are as follows:

1. Humanism is ethical. It affirms the worth, dignity and autonomy of the individual and the right of every human being to the greatest possible freedom compatible with the rights of others. Humanists have a duty of care to all of humanity including future generations. Humanists believe that morality is an intrinsic part of human nature based on understanding and a concern for others, needing no external sanction.
2. Humanism is rational. It seeks to use science creatively, not destructively. Humanists believe that the solutions to the world's problems lie in human thought and action rather than divine intervention. Humanism advocates the application of the methods of science and free inquiry to the problems of human welfare. But Humanists also believe that the application of science and technology must be tempered by human values. Science gives us the means but human values must propose the ends.
3. Humanism supports democracy and human rights. Humanism aims at the fullest possible development of every human being. It holds that democracy and human development are matters of right. The principles of democracy and human rights can be applied to many human relationships and are not restricted to methods of government.
4. Humanism insists that personal liberty must be combined with social responsibility. Humanism ventures to build a world on the idea of the free person responsible to society, and recognises our dependence on and responsibility for the natural world. Humanism is undogmatic, imposing no creed upon its adherents. It is thus committed to education free from indoctrination.
5. Humanism is a response to the widespread demand for an alternative to dogmatic religion. The world's major religions claim to be based on revelations fixed for all time, and many seek to impose their world-views on all of humanity. Humanism recognises that reliable knowledge of the world and ourselves arises through a continuing process. of observation, evaluation and revision.
6. Humanism values artistic creativity and imagination and recognises the transforming power of art. Humanism affirms the importance of literature, music, and the visual and performing arts for personal development and fulfilment.
7. Humanism is a lifestance aiming at the maximum possible fulfilment through the cultivation of ethical and creative living and offers an ethical and rational means of addressing the challenges of our times. Humanism can be a way of life for everyone everywhere.
http://www.iheu.org/adamdecl.htm

Different 'branches' of humanism:Literary Humanism is a devotion to the humanities or literary culture.


Renaissance Humanism is the spirit of learning that developed at the end of the middle ages with the revival of classical letters and a renewed confidence in the ability of human beings to determine for themselves truth and falsehood.


Cultural Humanism is the rational and empirical tradition that originated largely in ancient Greece and Rome, evolved throughout European history, and now constitutes a basic part of the Western approach to science, political theory, ethics, and law.


Philosphical Humanism is any outlook or way of life centered on human need and interest. Sub-categories of this type include Christian Humanism and Modern Humanism.


Christian Humanism is defined by Webster's Third New International Dictionary as "a philosophy advocating the self- fulfillment of man within the framework of Christian principles." This more human-oriented faith is largely a product of the Renaissance and is a part of what made up Renaissance humanism.


Modern Humanism, also called Naturalistic Humanism, Scientific Humanism, Ethical Humanism and Democratic Humanism is defined by one of its leading proponents, Corliss Lamont, as "a naturalistic philosophy that rejects all supernaturalism and relies primarily upon reason and science, democracy and human compassion." Modern Humanism has a dual origin, both secular and religious, and these constitute its sub-categories.


Secular Humanism is an outgrowth of 18th century enlightenment rationalism and 19th century freethought. Many secular groups, such as the Council for Democratic and Secular Humanism and the American Rationalist Federation, and many otherwise unaffiliated academic philosophers and scientists, advocate this philosophy.


Religious Humanism emerged out of Ethical Culture, Unitarianism, and Universalism. Today, many Unitarian- Universalist congregations and all Ethical Culture societies describe themselves as humanist in the modern sense. http://www.jcn.com/humanism.php4

Izdaari
11-28-2007, 05:23 PM
All very admirable but more than a little vague and gassy. I suppose I would fit the parameters of what Webster defines as a "Christian Humanist", but I'm not sure how that differs from simply a "Christian", since all Christians are commanded to love God and to love their fellow man. Likewise, it would seem that anyone who bears good will to mankind and follows the accepted values of Western Civilization is a Humanist.

Modern Humanist and Secular Humanist, now there's a different kettle of fish, containing a new ingredient, the rejection of the supernatural. I can't fit into that pot, being a Christian, which necessarily involves embracing the supernatural.

Turenne
11-28-2007, 05:27 PM
I fail to see how - after Stalin and Hitler - the humanist's belief in the worth and equality of man regardless of race, sex or belief should be bothered by the cowardice and pathetic threat of terrorism.

marv
11-28-2007, 06:37 PM
...and that's why I accept the philosophy of Ayn Rand (http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer).

Izdaari
11-28-2007, 08:15 PM
...and that's why I accept the philosophy of Ayn Rand (http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer).
I was an Objectivist in my teen years, back in the early '70's, and I still have a lot of respect for Rand.

Rand was right about a lot of things, in particular (IMHO) metaphysics, epistemology and politics. I think she was wrong about ethics, but only because she was wrong (IMNSHO :p ) about the existence of God, which changes everything. But if she were right about that, I would have to say her ethics of rational self-interest makes the most sense, and I would probably still follow it.

roderic
11-29-2007, 01:41 AM
All very admirable but more than a little vague and gassy. I suppose I would fit the parameters of what Webster defines as a "Christian Humanist", but I'm not sure how that differs from simply a "Christian", since all Christians are commanded to love God and to love their fellow man. Likewise, it would seem that anyone who bears good will to mankind and follows the accepted values of Western Civilization is a Humanist. I would not have chosen these words, but I know what you mean. It's not an in-your-face ideology with an obvious agenda. And it is mainstream, as stated it underlies and informs a variety of modern movements. I came to realise just how much I have been influenced by my humanist education, and that its values are not generally accepted, when I repeatedly got into arguments about the 'worth' and treatment of criminals, terrorists, homosexuals and such. If one looks back at values 100 years ago, it may become clearer how influential humanism has been - women's suffrage, racial equality etc.
Modern Humanist and Secular Humanist, now there's a different kettle of fish, containing a new ingredient, the rejection of the supernatural. I can't fit into that pot, being a Christian, which necessarily involves embracing the supernatural.Not quite so new, it originates in the 18th century.:)
In my observation, "modern humanist" describes well a large part of US "liberals".

Atticus
11-29-2007, 02:10 AM
All very admirable but more than a little vague and gassy. I suppose I would fit the parameters of what Webster defines as a "Christian Humanist", but I'm not sure how that differs from simply a "Christian", since all Christians are commanded to love God and to love their fellow man. Likewise, it would seem that anyone who bears good will to mankind and follows the accepted values of Western Civilization is a Humanist.
Since we're putting things in their historical moments, I'd say that "Christian Humanist" (a label I'd claim for myself) is a concept very close to "Renaissance Humanist." Humanists in that period saw themselves as reforming Christian faith in light of classical learning.

What it means to be a Christian has certainly changed over time.